12/13/2022 0 Comments Glassy winged sharpshooter![]() ![]() We contextualize research done on this system within an ecological framework that forms the backbone of the discussion regarding current and potential GLD management strategies. Here we discuss the ecology and management of GLD, focusing primarily on Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, the most important virus species within the complex. Most research has focused on the pathogens themselves, such as improved detection protocols, with limited work directed toward disease ecology and the development of management practices. The disease has emerged in the last two decades as one of the major factors affecting grape fruit quality, leading to research efforts aimed at reducing its economic impact. GLD is present in all grape-growing regions of the world, primarily affecting wine grape varieties. Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is caused by a complex of vector-borne virus species in the family Closteroviridae. fostidiosa from homogenized heads (with a detection threshold of 265 CFU/head) transmitted the pathogen to grape, and 17 of 24 from which we cultured X. coagulata from which we failed to culture X. fastidiosa 3.5 mo after acquisition, demonstrating persistence of infectivity in adults. ![]() fastidiosa to 2-yr-old woody tissues of grapevines as efficiently as to green shoots. ![]() fastidiosa more efficiently than did older, field-collected insects. Freshly molted adults and nymphs acquired and transmitted X. Estimated inoculation efficiency per individual per day was 19.6, 17.9, and 10.3% for experiments where plant access was 1, 2, and 4 d, respectively. Inoculation rates increased with access time, but acquisition efficiency (20% per individual) did not increase significantly beyond 6-h access. fastidiosa in <1 h of access time on a plant. fastidiosa to grapevines were the same as reported for other vectors: short or absent latent period nymphs transmitted but lost infectivity after molting and regained infectivity after feeding on infected plants and infectivity persisted in adults. In laboratory experiments, the major characteristics of H. The introduction of the sharpshooter leafhopper Homalodisca coagulata (Say) into California has initiated new PD epidemics in southern California. Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines is caused by a xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Wells, Raju, Hung, Weisburg, Mandelco-Paul, and Brenner) that is transmitted to plants by xylem sap-feeding insects. These lines should be useful for the study of insect-pathogenic viruses of leafhoppers, aphids, treehoppers, and other related insects as well as plant-pathogenic viruses that are transmitted by these insects. The population doubling times of GWSS-Z10, GWSS-Z15, GWSS-G3, and GWSS-LH were 46.2, 90.9, 100.3, and 60.2 h, respectively. The cell lines were characterized in terms of their morphology, growth, protein composition, and polymerase chain reaction- amplification patterns of their chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. The GWSS-Z10, GWSS-Z15, and GWSS-G3 lines were cultured in Ex-Cell 401 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), whereas the GWSS-LH line was cultured in LH medium supplemented with 20% FBS. The cell lines were designated GWSS-Z10, GWSS-Z15, GWSS-G3, and GWSS-LH. Four continuous cell lines were established from the embryos of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), an economically important insect vector of bacterial pathogens of grape, almond, citrus, oleander, and other agricultural and ornamental plantings. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |